The Jerusalem Bridge
כ.ת.ב

k-t-vto write

כ.ת.ב (katav) is the writing root: script, letter, address, marriage contract and Scripture itself all come out of these three letters.

Modern HebrewBiblical Hebrew

The word family

Every word below is built on כ.ת.ב. Same three letters, different vowels and prefixes.

כָּתַבkatavPa'al
wrote
כּוֹתֵבkotevPa'al present
writes, writing
כְּתָבktavnoun
script, handwriting

Same three letters as the verb, different vowels. כְּתַב יָד (ktav yad) is handwriting; כְּתַב רַשִׁ״י is Rashi script.

מִכְתָּבmikhtavמִקְטָל noun
a letter (correspondence)
כְּתוֹבֶתktovetnoun
address; inscription

The place you write to. Also the word for an archaeological inscription.

כָּתוּבkatuvpassive participle
written; a verse of Scripture

כְּתוּבִים (Ketuvim), "the Writings", is the third division of the Hebrew Bible — the K in Tanakh.

הִכְתִּיבhikhtivHif'il
dictated
הִתְכַּתֵּבhitkatevHitpa'el
corresponded, exchanged letters

The Hitpa'el here is reciprocal — two people writing at each other.

כְּתוּבָּהketubahnoun
marriage contract

What I tell students about this root

This is the root to learn first if you want to feel how the system works, because it is regular in every binyan and the meanings stay honest. Write, dictate (cause to write), correspond (write to each other), be written. Once כ.ת.ב clicks, the same shapes carry over to hundreds of verbs you have not met yet.

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These are written by Yaacov, a native Jerusalemite who teaches Hebrew, Yiddish, Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic one-to-one.

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