Yiddish ייִדיש

Why Yiddish spelling is more phonetic than Hebrew: vowel letters, combinatory letters, and final forms.

The standard system for writing Yiddish in Latin letters — so you can read any textbook.

The three genders, the definite article table, and the main plural endings (-n, -s, -er).

ikh / mir / mikh and friends: nominative, accusative and dative without the headache.

The verb comes second in statements, first in yes/no questions, and stays second in subordinate clauses too (unlike German).

Regular present-tense endings, plus the two irregular verbs you need everywhere.

Forming the past with hobn/zayn + participle, and which verbs take zayn.

veln, kenen, muzn, darfn, zoln conjugations, and the two ways to negate.

Why the Hebrew and Aramaic words in Yiddish can't be sounded out, the patterns that make them easier, and the everyday ones (mishpokhe, emes, parnose, mazl, dafke), no religious background needed.

Sholem-aleykhem and friends, please/thank you, and the suffix that makes everything cute.

The four vowels that separate Litvish from Chassidish (gut/git, zogn/zugn, kleyn/klayn, Moyshe/Meyshe), where each is spoken today, and how YIVO standard fits in.

Which language fits which goal (Israel, prayer and Tanakh, family history, Hasidic communities, literature), what they share, and how much one helps the other.

A short, fully voweled reading with transliteration and translation, using only beginner grammar.

Cursive letters that look alike, old spellings, Hebrew words and abbreviations (ב"ה, ז"ל, נ"י, שי'), Hebrew dates, and how letters open and close.